The Galleon Trade was a government monopoly. The galleon trade had good and bad effect to the economy of our country. However, there was a lack of sources from the Filipino perspective. Because galleons were slow, overloaded, and cumbersome in Philippine waters, they had to be assisted by local vessels that acted as guides or as tugs (Peterson 2014:84). Advantages: The galleons brought Mexican silver, merchandise, and useful plants to the Philippines as well as other influences from Mexico and Spain. Group-1.M3L1Check-In-Activity (1).pdf. Secondly, she wants to increase exports by developing more profitable and competitive industries for the global . Even after Mexico gained independence, Mexico and the Philippines still interacted with one another. Advertisement. Even if they were found, a galleon was far bigger and far better-armed than any pirate vessel and even most naval ships. The native sailor was a real sailor. 2017 The Maritime Cultural Landscapes and Seascapes of Asia-Pacific: Voyaging, Migration, Colonisation, Trade, and Cross-Cultural Contacts. Many individual merchants risked and lost their lives, but sizable fortunes were accrued. Many Chinese became very wealthy through hard work. The Spanish officials were so absorbed in the trade that they did not have time to exploit the country's natural resources. Manila Galleon Passenger LuggageAlejandro Linares Garcia (CC BY-SA). It can stiffen international competition for domestic economies. https://www.encyclopedia.com/humanities/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/manila-galleon, "Manila Galleon Thus, the Manila-Acapulco Trade, better known as the "Galleon Trade" was born. This leg of the journey needed to be completed before the onset of the typhoon season, which required that the galleons depart Manila by the end of June. When republishing on the web a hyperlink back to the original content source URL must be included. Even though the voyage was accompanied by disasters, mutinies and a lack of supplies, the crew was able to claim the Philippines, and eventually arrived in the Moluccas in 1522 (Pigafetta 1969). In 1565, Urdaneta successfully navigated a route from Manila, Philippines to Acapulco, Mexico, officially establishing the Manila to Acapulco trade network, known as the Manila Galleon Trade (De Leon-Bolinao 2014:5). Some natives had more power, secured land and tributes for themselves, and showed upward mobility, unlike Indios (Peterson 2014:24). The caracoa was heavier and a better fit for defense against raiding, for carrying dispatches, and for major assaults against pirate bases (Stead 2014:8). The cargo was stored below decks in galleons that could weigh in at up to 2,000 tons, although most were around 1,000. In his book, Girldez briefly mentions that Filipinos had literacy, so it is possible that they wrote about their personal experiences (Girldez 2015:18). The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, MD. This made the problems of provisions and health daunting. The Manila galleons, meanwhile, returned to the Philippines each year loaded with silver to buy more goods for the next trip. The galleons became the means by which Hispanic culture was brought into the Philippines. The lack of money and rations made it difficult for Indios to buy food or pay tributes (Peterson 2014:88).While this technique saved Spain money, they owed people thousands of pesos (Peterson 2014:203-205). It consisted of two separate routes - westward from Acapulco to Manila and eastward on the return, following two separate belts of trade winds across the Pacific. Manila Bay is heavily polluted from the refuse coming from major tributaries like Pasig, Paranaque, and Tullahan Rivers, and about 20 other rivers. As a result of all of this, in the Philippines there was "a saltatory rise in the level of foreign trade" (p. 179). September 19, 2015. More ships were lost after crossing, and both de Loaisa and Elcano died from scurvy (De Leon-Bolinao 2014:3). In addition to all of these difficulties, Acapulco itself was strongly fortified from 1617 with the construction of the San Diego Fort, a five-sided structure with six angled bastions. The galleon trade had a negative effect on economic development in the Philippines, since virtually all Spanish capital was devoted to speculation in Chinese goods. In 1494, the Treaty of Tordesillas split the world between Spain and Portugal, with Spain owning all territories 370 leagues west of the Cape Verde Islands and Portugal owning all territories east of the division line (Girldez 2015:48). The Spanish city Cdiz is located in the southwestern corner of the Iberian Peninsula, close to the Strait of Gibraltar, between the Atl, Potos He had a sizable force and was not intimidated. The desire to enjoy the spoils of the Asian trade led the Spanish to send explorers to the Pacific to claim and establish territories in the region (Pigafetta 1969). In effect, a galleon was a slow-moving but formidable castle on the sea. The Spanish greatly exploited the natives skills and knowledge for their gain. (February 22, 2023). Please note that some of these recommendations are listed under our old name, Ancient History Encyclopedia. In other words, Spain simply did not have enough resources to further develop their trade network. After the thirteenth century, porcelain and silk became major trade goods as the Chinese produced and exported them in large quantities for cheap prices, which led to competition among indigenous populations (Min 2014:46). An increase in trade and navigation in Asia accompanied the opening of the Suez Canal. With their new territories, Spain established an Atlantic trade network that operated from Spain to the Americas, or also known as the New World (Fisher 2011:18).However, Spain was not the only one engaging in a profitable trade market. When first news arrived of the approach of the galleons to Acapulcousually in January or Februaryplans were made for a festive trade fair. After the companys foundation, only a few galleons traveled to Acapulco but were unable to sell their cargo for much profit due to a variety of accumulating factors, including shipwrecks, contraband, market collapses, conflicts, and competing trade powers (Girldez 2015:189).With decreasing profits, Ferdinand VII issued the Royal Decree of April 13, 1815, which ended the Manila Galleon trade (Fisher 2011:482). There were Chinese and Japanese maritime enterprises located in northern Philippines, while Muslim trading enterprises were in southern Philippines (Min 2014:48). There was, too, a contingent of professional soldiers led by a war captain. As a consequence of these defences, and despite usually travelling the High Seas unescorted, only four Manila galleons were ever captured at sea in over 250 years of service. One can only speculate why. For example, they attempted to reorganize scattered settlements into concentrated communities that they could transform and Christianize in a consolidated manner (Girldez 2015:41-57). Because the galleons had to carry everything necessary to support its passengers and crew, as well as arms and ammunition in case of attack-and the fact that owners and merchants wanted to make as much money as they could-the galleons often carried much more than they were allowed to by royal decree. The involvement in the global maritime theater from the Manila Galleon trade led the Philippines to engage in other industries. License. In 1571, after gaining control of the Malay trading center of Manila for Spain, Miguel Lpez De Legazpi sent two ships back to Mexico laden with Chinese silks and porcelains, to be exchanged for needed provisions. Thomas Cavendish (1560-1592) was one of the lucky raiders who grabbed a Manila galleon. They were used as guides, pilots, sailors, and mercenary fighters onboard the vessels (Peterson 2014:18). Contraband trading was fairly common throughout the Spanish Empire, but that on the Pacific galleons was notorious. The British captured galleons, confiscated cargo, attacked and looted Manila (Fisher 2011:466). coast colony command consisted construction continued crew members customs deck Dutch enemy established fact Filipinos fire fleet galleon galleon trade governor guns hold House important included individuals interested involved islands journey king known land living located . When the galleons finally hit land in what is today Oregon or California, they then worked their way south following the coast, although not too closely since the indigenous peoples were extremely hostile to any interlopers in their territory. (Giraldez, 119), Not for nothing then did Spanish galleons have the letters AMGP painted on their sails. The Spanish had difficulty establishing a trading route to the Pacific from Europe because the voyage was too long and too distant (Peterson 2014:58). Advantages: The galleons brought Mexican silver, merchandise, and useful plants to the Philippines as well as other influences from Mexico and Spain. Upon arrival at Acapulco in 1634, the traveler Fray Sebastin Manrique noted, "this profit made all hardships and dangers appear as nothing.". From Manila, the Spanish traded goods such as silk, silver, metals, porcelain, and spices with China, Japan and Southeast Asia. Spain also took advantage of the agriculture in the Philippines to feed a growing colony. The Galleon Trade One of the reasons why the Spaniards wanted to stay in the Philippines was because of the Galleon Trade. While many historians focus on the rise and fall of the Spanish empire as the colonizer, few discuss the native, or Filipino, perspective as the colonized during the Manila Galleon trade. Because of their usefulness and knowledge, Spain conscripted thousands of natives to perform physical labor. THE Manila Galleon Trade lasted for 250 years and ended in 1815 with Mexico's war of independence. It was sighted by Cavendish's men on 14 November 1587 off the coast of California and attacked over a period of six hours. The Spanish Crown decreed an end to the route in 1813, but one final Manila galleon, the San Fernando, sailed to Acapulco in 1815. Manila became an important trading center in the 17th century 7. The galleon trade was noted for the length and duration of its voyagesover 6,000 miles and six to nine months' sail from Manila to Acapulco. Encyclopedias almanacs transcripts and maps, Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture. This started the cultivation and monopoly of tobacco which was hoped to be the main source of government revenue. 2012 Manilamen and Seafaring: Engaging the Maritime World Beyond the Spanish Realm. Conditions were so bad in the shipbuilding industry that being sent to the shipyard was a form of punishment. 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