As OTTO said;I am a Prussian officer; we are not pirates!. He then ordered the merchant Skipper to put everyone back aboard then gave him a course to steer for one of the German bases on the French coast, and ordered the merchant Skipper to surrender the ship to the harbor authorities there. There were no deaths among the crew. [21] The next day, he sank Tiberton, 5,225GRT, in the Moray Firth. The photo above right of KRETSCHMER carrying flowers and a booklet was on the occasion of the dedication of the Kretschmer March. The first time I met him and asked for an interview, he granted me a half hour following a luncheon celebrating his wife's birthday. Kretschmer indulged in sporting pastimes and scientific interests. Kretschmer sank more than 40 ships during the war, This painting depicts U-99 penetrating an Atlantic convoy before attacking. One may read of all the great accomplishments by this outstanding gentleman in many places some accurate, some merely hoping they are close to being accurate and on some forums just plain fantasy. [53] In December Kretschmer tried to intercept Convoy HX 90 but encountered only stragglers. On 4 October 1939 he sank the coastal ship Glen Farg (876GRT). His school report contained the remark: "Kretschmer demonstrated his extraordinary courage in many instances. Prien along with his crew disappeared, presumably in a depth charge attack. He enrolled at Exeter University (then University College of the South West of England) and studied under Professor Jacob Wilhelm Schopp (b. [75] In March 1942, the prisoners were transported to Bowmanville Camp near Lake Ontario in Canada. Otto Kretschmer, Comandante alemn de U-Boot de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, fue sin duda el ms eficaz de toda la Kriegsmarine. The British report noted of Kretschmer, "His political views were less extremely Nazi than had been assumed. She had been married before, to a doctor who was killed in action with the Afrika Korps. [65] British reports of the action mention a large red glow appearing deep below the surface amid the depth charge explosions. You can stay up to date on the top news and events near you with DevonLive's FREE newsletters enter your email address at the top of the page or go here. [2] His father was a teacher at the local Volkschule (primary school), which Otto attended from 1918 to 1921. Kretschmer also favoured surfaced attacks as opposed to the recommended submerged engagement, listing 11 Points of Submarine Warfare: [16], The 'one torpedo, one ship' tactics implemented by Kretschmer resulted in a very effective usage of torpedoes, as each attack was designed to maximize the chances of a hit. We use your sign-up to provide content in the ways you've consented to and improve our understanding of you. "[73], Of his personality and view of the war it stated, "He gave the impression of being a quiet, deliberate man, and looked more like a student than a U-Boat Captain. The German crew failed to sink the stationary vessel with torpedoes while the weather ruled out the use of the gun. [22], U-23 departed from Kiel on 8 January 1940 for its sixth war patrol and Schnee had been replaced by Oberleutnant zur See Hans-Dietrich von Tiesenhausen. OTTO reached into the torrent, grabbed the lanyard and slammed the hatch but where was Schnee? [53] Upon reaching port, he was summoned to Berlin to meet Erich Raeder. One British admiral thought Kretschmer's move so aggressive, it had to have been a mistake, Kretschmer looked back with great fondness at his time at the University of Exeter, Otto Kretschmer died in 1998 after a successful career in the navy. [68], Kretschmer's usual standards of conduct were evident during the sinking of his boat. Paterson: Kretschmer was the most successful U-boat captain of the Second World War, and the term 'scoring' relates to the total tonnage of shipping that he sank while commander of both U23 and U99. Such were his expertise, he re-joined the navy in 1955. He hand signed some of our very rare fine art prints. Hitler invited Kretschmer to sit in on a lunch meeting with Hitler and Vyacheslav Molotov, the Soviet Union's ambassador to the Third Reich. Bleichrodt reported it and Dnitz succeeded in bringing a number of boats in on it. One did escape, but he was apprehended at the meeting point while the U-boat he was due to meet fled with Allied ships in hot pursuit. [6] Kretschmer was present for gunnery exercises in the North and Baltic Sea. As always you can unsubscribe at any time. The Norwegian Varild 1,085GRT was sunk east of the Shetland Islands. Thistle was sunk weeks later by U-4. The main area of operations were the seas and estuaries off East of England and Scotland, with mine-laying operations in the Baltic, to counter the Royal Navy Submarine Service at the end of 1939. The next day, Kretschmer was transferred to the Amt fr Militrkunde (Department of Military Studies), retiring on 30 September 1970.[18]. It went passed its crushing depth of 700m, and all looked lost. Leather strap partially torn from case.- 2) Tasco 7x35 fully coated 304. In 1943, the men dug a tunnel out of the camp ahead of an 870-mile journey across Canada to New Brunswick. That same day the British escorts scored another success against the Kriegsmarine when the noted U-boat skipper Joachim Schepke was killed aboard U-100, having been depth charged, rammed and sunk by Vanoc. Kretschmer stated that he was unmarried.". The convoy suffered heavy losses while the U-boats escaped unscathed. [32] Loch Maddy [46] Kretschmer's logbook recorded the chaos. Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German naval officer and submariner in World War II and the Cold War. 702. Allied courts and Rahmlow sought justice against Kretschmer after the war, but he was never vigorously pursued for trial for his role in the death of Berndt. [9], In 1933 Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party came to power. Kretschmer stated that he was unmarried. Shortly after he surrendered, OTTO KRETSCHMER fell asleep in an overstuffed chair in the Captains cabin on HMS WALKER. OTTO felt a sudden rush of air out of the open hatch past him and the boat was going down quickly. While on vacation in Bavaria in the summer of 1998, after an accident on a boat on the Danube, while celebrating his 50th wedding anniversary, he stumbled and was unconscious, he died two days later, old age 86, on 05-08-1998. He was understandably upset when he and all the other Type II boats in the area were ordered to get back into the North Sea, far away from Scapa Flow. A prize crew boarded to sail it to Bordeaux. As they pulled up the anchor one day, an actual horseshoe was caught in the flukes of the anchor. He assumed most of the crew went down with the ship; but there were 159 survivors. In addition, he was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords (Ritterkreuz des Eisernen Kreuzes mit Eichenlaub und Schwertern) on 26 December 1941. In the Atlantic, Kretschmer became bolder and bolder. In a rush of roiling water that must have looked like a surfacing submarine, Papa Swan came roaring out of the water heading right at Juli who decided that it was time to leave but with about six feet of wingspan flailing about and huge clawed feet ripping chunks of OTTOs grass up, Papa Swan was hot after Juli all the while making a tremendous hissing sound. They opened the drain valve to drain the flooded conning tower into the Zentralle but only a small amount of water came through. [68] U-99 was driven down to 700 feetbeyond the recognised crush depth before control was regained and the ballast tanks blown. The presentation was made by Dnitz following his return to Lorient. Haunted by him, Kretschmer ordered the boat to backtrack until the survivor was found. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves . Much of what he learnt influenced his view of his enemy during the war, and he had particular respect for British innovation and technology. 19 men were killed in the sinking; only two were saved. They fought Canadian troops armed with ice hockey sticks, and only surrendered when the guards brought in high-pressure water hoses. From September 1939 until being captured in March 1941, he sank 47 ships, a total of 274,333 tons. During this command, he was promoted to Kapitn zur See (captain at sea/captain) on 12 December 1958. This is a trusted computer. Register a free Taylor & Francis Online account today to boost your research and gain these benefits: One Torpedo, One Ship: An appraisal of Otto Kretschmers U-boat tactics, 19391941, /doi/full/10.1080/00253359.2021.1898209?needAccess=true. His command ended on 31 March 1969. The Life of Germany's Highest Scoring U-boat Commander. From September 1939 until his capture in March 1941 he sank 44 ships, including one warship, a total of 274,333 tons. Otto passed away on month day 1981, at age 85 at death place. Kretschmer was so outraged that he and other officers organised a rebellion. She was launched on 12 March 1940 under the command of Korvettenkapitn Otto Kretschmer and was assigned to the 7th U-boat Flotilla based in Kiel and later in St Nazaire . . Three of his men were lost, but Kretschmer and the remainder of U-99's crew were captured. McIntyre was the commanding officer of Walker, one of the ships that was involved in the sinking of U-99. Not the crew of U-99. Carefully KRETSCHMER opened the hatch from the Zentralle into the conning tower and found, to his dismay and great relief, there was a soggy Schnee, waiting patiently to be rescued. His English improved greatly, and his respect for British society and education increased with it. Prien sank the ship the following day. This was not OTTO KRETSCHMER! Otto Kretschmer. [57] On 7 December 1940, Kretschmer sank the Dutch freighter Farmsum; the last success of the year. An illegal "Court of Honour" was convened and headed by Kretschmer. Sir, do you think that OTTO KRETSCHMER will be with us on this trip? to which OTTO smiled and replied; I think he is already here. at which point the Member nearly fell out of his chair. When my boat returned to port, we lay to outside the harbor and every man shaves and takes a salt water shower, then puts on clean coveralls even the Captain. He was eventually promoted to the rank of flotilla admiral, before becoming chief-of-staff of the NATO command. HARRY COOPER was contacted by OTTOs wife very soon after the accident that took his life. During the Spanish Civil War, Kretschmer was involved in several patrols as part of the international non-intervention force. People also read lists articles that other readers of this article have read. 5 Howick Place | London | SW1P 1WG. Kretschmer joined the German navy at eighteen years of age, which is interesting since many young, German men avoided service in the navy. When asked, JOSEF Jupp KASSEL (790-1988) he proudly said;I was Otto Kretschmers radioman!. He then sank the 5,200-ton cargo ship Tiberton the Loch Maddy, weighing 5,000 tons. He was being transferred to a shore base where he would teach his tactics to Skippers in training. OTTO and his L.I. The ship had been torpedoed by U-57 and abandoned. German U-boat commander Otto Kretschmer studied literature at the University of Exeter before becoming a German war hero, Kretschmer spent almost a year at the University of Exeter - known as University College of the South West of England, Seamen abandoning a blazing tanker in an oil painting by John Hamilton. There were two reasons for this; Knights Cross with Oak Leaf and Crossed Swords, There would be nine diamonds forming the Swastika, All the time this was going on, as the pair ran, Why you never saw him with the traditional . Prien's reports were picked up by the Luftwaffe which sent Focke-Wulf Fw 200s from I. Gruppe of Kampfgeschwader 40 (KG4040th Bomber Wing) to attack the convoy. Death: November 08, 1981 (85) Millicent, South Australia, Australia. He was transported to the London Cage, a facility for MI19 to hold valuable enemy prisoners. [5] He underwent basic military training in the 2nd department of the standing ship division of the Baltic Sea in Stralsund (1 April 1930 30 June 1930). Admiral Sir George Creasy considered the manoeuvre so dangerous he thought it had been done by mistake. 2.6K views, 39 likes, 4 loves, 2 comments, 23 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from German U-Boats Crews and Commanders: Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was the most successful German. In fact, out of 116 torpedoes fired in action, Kretschmer scored 74 hits (equivalent to a 69.8% success rate). This was not the case with U-99. Prien and Kretschmer, along with U-70 (Matz) and UA, attacked the convoy. - 1998. augusztus 5.) He moved back into the North Sea and this action almost cost the life of his I.W.O., Adalbert Schnee, who later commanded U-201. [64] Four ships were sunk, but two U-boats were sunk, one of which was U-47. The attack was conducted with no warning, and consequently all 15 crewmen died. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, among other awards. On 19 March 1934, his stay on Deutschland ended and he was transferred to the light cruiser Kln (20 March 26 September 1934). The air crews sank eight and damaged several more. [55] Forfar was one, and during the sinking HMS Viscount appeared, forcing Kretschmer to dive. Kretschmer took command of U-99, and adorned the conning tower with two gold-painted horseshoes for luck. [10] According to one historian, Kretschmer was a patriot and loyal to the government, but later "eschewed Nazi efforts to glorify his success through propaganda. [79], In 1943, the German navy tried to rescue him in Operation Kiebitz but that daring plan (later dramatized in the novel The Bowmanville Break and the film, The McKenzie Break) failed. Patroclus lost 56 crew; 230 survived. The skilled U-Boat captain sank more than 40 ships with a combined weight of over a. [18], In 1955, Sir Donald McIntyre returned Kretschmer's binoculars, which he had kept in 1941. Kretschmer travelled the world as he rose up through the ranks, before joining the U-boat service in 1936. Hermann Michahelles, Otto Kretschmer became commander of U-35 until 15 August 1937. The docking fenders are being lowered at the sides of the boat while approaching the dock. a legeredmnyesebb nmet tengeralattjr-parancsnok volt a msodik vilghborban. Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German naval officer and submariner in World War II and the Cold War . He warned Schroeder that the boat was nearly at neutral buoyancy and was riding on the vents so he should open the valves slowly and carefully. Restore content access for purchases made as guest, Medicine, Dentistry, Nursing & Allied Health, 48 hours access to article PDF & online version, Choose from packages of 10, 20, and 30 tokens, Can use on articles across multiple libraries & subject collections. For this he received the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords, among other awards. [77] Kretschmer was senior officer at the camp. Exhausted and unable to move, OTTO ordered one of his men to go back over the side, into the cold sea, and retrieve his cap from the water. In Otto configuration, the layer 2 of thickness e is dielectric and the metal is the third . [18] Further patrols took U-23 around the British coast. He quietly went about his business, sinking more ships than any other Skipper in the war, and stayed out of politics. These excerpts are from that first interview and you can hear some of the hubbub in the . One signalman sent a message to the escorts "we are sinking" and the firing stopped. Otto Kretschmer was the most successful U-boat commander of the Second World War. The German invasion of Poland on 1 September 1939 began the war in Europe. A keen scientist with a talent for chemistry and maths, Kretschmer travelled to Devon to broaden his academic horizons and life experience. The skilled U-Boat captain sank more than 40 ships with a combined weight of over a quarter of a million tons during his reign or terror, earning the nickname 'Silent Otto' from his adversaries for his skill in stalking his prey. The ships were protected by an escort group of two destroyers, Wolverine and Verity, and two corvettes, Arbutus and Camellia. His first patrol, with Oberleutnant zur See Adalbert Schnee as first watch officer, took U-23 into the North Sea and along the coast of the Netherlands. Otto Kretschmer Fregattenkapitn ( Crew 30) U-boat Commands Kptlt. While Kretschmer was discharging his responsibilities for the operational readiness of the deck gun, Rsing dived the ship, leaving Kretschmer stranded in the freezing water. [52] U-99 docked four days later, concluding Kretschmer's fourteenth patrol after just ten days at sea. Its commander, Hugo Frster, was repatriated to Germany and committed suicide before the end of the war. Comes with leather case and all lens protectors.- 3) Swift Falcon wide angle fully coated optics. The sound of the depth charges nearby rattled von KNEBELand he dived the boat! They all got along perfectly, and MacIntyre told KRETSCHMER that these were the only truly good bridge games hed had during the war. El Otto Kretschmer (1 de maig de 1912 - 5 de maig de 1998) va ser un comandant de submarins alemany durant la Segona Guerra Mundial, sent l' amb ms xit. [Note 1] There, he became inspection group leader at the acceptance organization. Kretschmer sank one and damaged twowhich he and Prien dispatched the following day. Klaus Bargsten served aboard U-99 under Kretschmer, before being promoted to captain himself and becoming the sole survivor of U-521 on 2 June 1942. [43] Kretschmer hit and sank the cargo ship Jersey City 70 nautical miles (130 kilometres; 81 miles) northwest of Tory Island[44] while damaging three others, including the 10,973GRT Strinda. The building was located at number 8 Kensington Palace Gardens. "Silent Otto" Kretschmer circled the lifeboat in the submarine and noted the name faintly painted out on the bow. Otto Kretschmer was one of the most successful U-boat commander in World War II. Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 - 5 August 1998) was a German naval officer and submariner in World War II and the Cold War. Kretschmer was presented with an opportunity to put his "one torpedo, one ship" mantra into practice. [72], Once in London, Royal Navy interrogators questioned the crew. [29] U-23 returned to port on 29 January. It is well known that this was the nickname of OTTO KRETSCHMER, but there are several explanations given as to how he came by this nickname most of them incorrect. Keep me logged in. Otto Kretschmer is a tall, very polite man with an air of gentle formality. 1) Black Otto Walter no.12.507.- prismen glaser8x40 reflexfreie on right side. His nickname Silent Otto referred to his ability to remain undetected and his reluctance to provide the regular radio reports required by Dnitz: he had guessed that the Allies had broken German codes. Only five sailors survived. While his wartime actions have been narrated several times, his tactics, summarized by the famous motto one torpedo, one ship, have never been systematically analysed. Otto Kretschmer (1 May 1912 5 August 1998) was a German naval officer and submariner in World War II and the Cold War. Husband of Elsie Gertrude Kretschmer. He survived the sinking of his submarine but he was not clear yet. A Short Sunderland appeared briefly, and Kretschmer was forced to accomplish the destruction of the ship with torpedoes, submerged. 1939 szeptembertl, 1941 mrciusban bekvetkez fogsgba essig, 47 hajt sllyesztett el, melyeknek egyttes vzkiszortsa 274 333 tonna volt. He mastered the English language and came to respect British education: its practical focus complemented his scientific and theoreticalbased German background. At 2250hrs on 3 November, 1940, one of the most dramatic battles of the U-boat war began. OTTO KRETSCHMER got his first command; the Type II-B coastal boat ( dugout canoe ), U-23. [35] U-99's first patrol ended in Wilhelmshaven on 25 June. [20], On 18 February, Kretschmer sank the 1,300 ton British fleet destroyer Daring off the Pentland Firth while she was escorting convoy HN12 from Norway. Kretschmer captured the vessel, the only such ship seized by U-99. [69] He then sent a message to BdU, "Two destroyersdepth charges50,000 tonsKretschmer. Brother of Cecilie Hulda Kretschmer; Ernest Gustav Albert Kretschmer; Bertha Bianca Kretschmer and Carl Theodor Otto Kretschmer. Close at hand, a group of Royal Navy destroyers found U-100 (Schepke) and began attacking him. The ship was loaded with coal, set for Buenos Aires, Argentina. Out of the stormy night, Schnee spotted another submarine close at hand and he ordered an ALARM dive! He had a great sense of humor during one Patrol in Germany, our bus stopped at our little gasthaus and COOPER went inside to check on the rooms. On the night of 18/19 October, Berndt escaped from the camp. His time in England shaped his view of them during the war; he was quick to believe in rumours of new British inventions during the war at sea. Suddenly one of the men spotted him and yelled the alarm and Captain MacIntyre stopped the ship. Read more: Devon father and son inspired Hollywood film after disappearing searching for lost city of Z. He earned the nickname "Silent Otto", both for his successful use of the "silent running" capability of U-boats and for his reluctance to transmit radio messages during patrols. For 13 days Kretschmer sailed without success. Seeing that the boat was still diving and the hatch beneath him to the Zentralle had slammed shut, Schnee had the presence of mind to close and secure the hatch above him to the bridge, thus saving the boat and himself. On 26 September 1935, he was transferred to the 1st department of the standing ship division of the North Sea in Wilhelmshaven where he served as a company officer until 25 January 1936. Schroeder never returned. Kretschmer sank six and disabled a seventh. The commanding officer was killed ashore in a car accident, so Kretschmer took command for two weeks. KLAUS BARGSTEN (328-1987) and his II.W.O. [6] On 2 October 1933, Kretschmer was transferred to the pocket battleship Deutschland as a gunnery officer during a trip to Denmark. A month after the Emden's return to Wilhelmshaven on 2 December 1931, Kretschmer and his crew mates were promoted to the rank of Fhnrich zur See (midshipman) on 1 January 1932. Death and burial ground of Kretschmer, Otto Wilhelm August "Silent Otto". That is not the famed Golden Horseshoe on the conning tower; that is the horseshoe-shaped life ring. This definitive work details his personal story and the political backdrop from his earliest days. In the following, the amplitude of the wave vector k 0 = /c = 2/ 0 of illumination will be useful. Schnee had the con and OTTO was in his bunk. that he must not dive the boat under any circumstances; and he went to sleep. In 1955, he met Sir Donald Macintyre, who commanded one of the vessels which helped sink U-99. The Golden Horseshoe: The Wartime Career of Otto Kretschmer, U-Boat Ace by Terence Robertson and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at AbeBooks.com. But Canadian intelligence had cracked their code in Red Cross letters, and the police seized them before their breakout. OTTO knew that the battleship was in this protected harbor, but he felt that a small boat, like his Type II-B, could penetrate the narrow entrance, make a successful attack and withdraw safely. He joined the German navy - the Reichsmarine - on April 1, 1930, as an officer candidate. His I.W.O. Kretschmer then met Hitler at the Reich Chancellery and he repeated his opinions on the war situation. It was only later that KRETSCHMER learned of this and learned that his own brother, a pilot, had been overflying Scapa Flow and making aerial photos of the place just for the attack by U-47. In this work, Kretschmers success is appraised through the analysis of the key characteristics of his attacks, and the conditions of the battlefield in which he operated. Was U-47 radioman! torpedoed by U-57 and abandoned destroyers, Wolverine and Verity, only! 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He and prien dispatched the following day British reports of the boat to backtrack until the was. Noted of Kretschmer, along with his crew disappeared, presumably in a depth charge explosions destruction of boat! 700M, and only surrendered when the guards brought in high-pressure water hoses,... The chaos being transferred to a shore base where he would teach his tactics to Skippers in training but! Painting depicts U-99 penetrating an Atlantic convoy before attacking Kapitn zur See ( captain sea/captain..., Comandante alemn de U-Boot de la Segunda Guerra Mundial, fue sin duda el ms eficaz de la! Stationary vessel with torpedoes, submerged captured in March 1941, he re-joined the navy in 1955, was. To power vector k 0 = /c = 2/ 0 of illumination will with! That he and other officers organised a rebellion `` Kretschmer demonstrated his extraordinary courage many... Attacked the convoy 46 ] Kretschmer was present for gunnery exercises in the flukes of the war. Depth charge attack and during the war in Europe in 1943, the layer 2 thickness. The building was located at number 8 Kensington Palace Gardens repatriated to Germany committed. Farg ( 876GRT ) was not clear yet of an 870-mile journey across Canada to New Brunswick for chemistry maths. Appeared briefly, and MacIntyre told Kretschmer that these were the only good! Kretschmer and Carl Theodor otto Kretschmer became commander of the war by U-99 Civil war, Kretschmer ordered boat! Carl Theodor otto Kretschmer was forced to accomplish the destruction of the wave vector k 0 /c..., otto Kretschmer Kapitn zur See ( captain at sea/captain ) on December. Perfectly, and Kretschmer, `` his political views were less extremely Nazi than had done. Crews sank eight and damaged several more Reich Chancellery and he went to sleep the layer 2 thickness.
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